Koreanology

- Tendency: Highest intensity among progressive newspapers (Korea Journalists Association Opinion Poll for Journalists: 1st in Reliability, 6th in Influence)

- Founding date: 1988. 05. 15.

- Founder: Song Geon-ho (Founded with capital raised by public offering of stocks for the entire nation, centering on dismissed journalists from Chosun Ilbo and Dong-a Ilbo)

- Characteristics: The tone is strongly progressive, and it is always ranked first among the so-called Han-Kyung-Oh, the three leading newspapers of the progressive left in Korea.

2. Pressian/프레시안

https://www.pressian.com/

- Tendency: Highest level of progressive strength among internet newspapers / Relatively high level of criticism against those who oppose their tendency in terms of politics

- Founding date: 2001. 09. 24

- Founder: Mid-level reporters from the existing media industry + domestic and foreign experts + over 100 field activists, etc.

- Characteristics: Strong political articles, and a higher ratio of articles and submissions by external writers (reputable writers) than articles by internal reporters.

3. Oh My News/오마이뉴스

http://www.ohmynews.com/

- Tendency: Highest intensity among progressive newspapers

- Founding date: 2000. 02. 22.

- Founder: Oh Yeon-ho

- Characteristics: Founded under the motto 'All citizens are journalists', a citizen reporter system that receives articles directly from readers, expands the field for citizens' political participation and expands the functionality of public opinion

4. Kyunghyang Shinmun/경향신문

https://www.khan.co.kr/

- Tendency: A newspaper classified as liberal, but neutral across most conservatives and liberals, classified as leftist by some, but evenly contains the voices of the opposition and opposition parties

- Founding date: 1946. 10. 06.

- Founder: Yang Ki-seop Ян Ки Соп (Bride)

- Characteristics: Korea's first 'employee owner newspaper', employees (reporters) share 96% of the shares, domination of certain companies and certain groups is not allowed.

5. (Others)

Ddanzi Ilbo, Sisa in, Media Today, No Cut News (CBS), Money Today, E-Daily, Voice of the People (all of which are Internet newspapers), News 1: As a news agency created by Money Today, it is close to progress or midway.

Conservative media

(conservative tendencies are evident in the order listed)

1. The Chosun Ilbo/조선일보

https://www.chosun.com/

- Tendency: Korea Journalists Association polls: 6th in credibility, 1st in influence

- Founding date: 1920. 03. 05.

- Founder: Jintae Cho

- Characteristics: The tone is strongly conservative, right-wing, anti-communist, and it is the first media among the three major right-wing conservative newspapers in Korea, so-called “Jo-Jung-Dong.” In fact, both internally and externally, they express conservatism. According to MBFC, an American media bias check website, the Chosun Ilbo's tone was evaluated as center-right biased based on one-sided conservative nationalism reports. This expression can be seen as slightly different from the general perception in Korea where the tone of the Chosun Ilbo is evaluated as a strong conservative right-wing anti-communism. In fact, this is due to the academic convention of generally referring to media as 'center-right', unless they represent typical nationalism or totalitarianism.

2. The JoongAng Ilbo/중앙일보

https://www.joongang.co.kr/

- Tendency: Pro-Enterprise, conservative

- Founding date: 1965. 09. 22.

- Founder: Lee Byung-cheol (former head of Samsung Group)

- Special Features: Suspicion of under-reporting about Samsung-related corruption, and opposing the production of a pro-Japanese biographical dictionary. The tone and political orientation of the newspaper are self-proclaimed conservative right-wing tendencies. As JTBC succeeded in appealing to the progressive camp in the endgame and occupied the first place in terms of sales and news credibility, the position of its affiliate, JoongAng Ilbo, is getting weaker within the group.

3. The Dong-A Ilbo/동아일보

https://www.donga.com/

- Tendency: hard right

- Founding date: 1920. 04. 01

- Founders: Jinwoo Song, Seongsu Kim, Geun Yoo.

- Characteristics: As of 2020, Chosun Ilbo and JoongAng Ilbo are considered as one of the three major right-wing newspapers, called Cho Jung-dong. However, since the late 2000s, as the paper newspaper industry itself has been on a downtrend, the Dong-A Ilbo has had a sharp decline in paid circulation and avid reading rates. Overall, the presence of the media is rapidly declining compared to the past. While the Chosun Ilbo, which is evaluated as a conservative media, mainly deals with security issues such as North Korea, and the JoongAng Ilbo deals with economic issues, the Dong-A Ilbo tends to deal more with the cultural sector. At the time of its founding, the company's philosophy was nationalism, democracy, and culturalism.

- Governance structure: Kim Seong-su family (The Family Newspaper), Korea University Foundation

4. Munhwa Ilbo/문화일보

http://www.munhwa.com/

- Tendency: At one time, Cho-Jung-Dong-Mun were 4 major represented conservatives. It was called the second Cho Jung-dong. mid-right.

- Founding date: 1991. 11. 01.

- Founder: Kyu-Haeng Lee, Hyundai Group

- Characteristics: For the first time in Korea, we made opinion noodles and hired the country's leading writers to provide various perspectives. Currently, it is close to pro-remuneration.

- Governance Structure: Hyundai Group Family (The Family Newspaper)

5.Kukmin Ilbo/국민일보

https://www.kmib.co.kr/news/index.asp

- Tendency: Right, Conservative, Christian

- Founding date: 1988. 12. 10

- Founder: Yoido Full Gospel Church (Pastor Yonggi Cho)

- Features: Contains news from the religious world as well as general current affairs undergoing. As a national comprehensive daily newspaper, it deals with news mainly on political and social issues, but it lacks economic and cultural aspects.

- Governance structure: Although it is said to be independent of the church foundation, it is estimated that the actual control is still in the hands of Pastor Cho Min-je, the son of Rev. Cho's son.

6. Others

New Daily, Dailyan, Cheonji Ilbo, Asia Today, CNB News, Break News, Daily NK, Kuki News (all are internetnewspapers)

Yonhap News Agency: State-run news agency, with different tendencies depending on the government.

YTN: Originally, it was closer to progress. Together with MBC, it was one of the two major mountains of news, but under the Lee Myung-bak administration, it was transformed into a conservative.

DPRK medias

KCNA /조선중앙통신
https://www.kcna.kp/en
Founding date: 12.05.1946
-Features: KCNA is the main news agency in the DPRK, aimed at both internal and external users. It reports news for newspapers, radio, television, etc. KCNA "speaks on behalf of the Workers' Party of Korea and the Government of the DPRK."

South Korean Universities, that study Russia

Asia-Pacific Research Center, Hanyang University

한양대학교 아태지역연구센터

http://www.aprc.kr/

Institute of Russian Studies, Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies

한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소

http://www.rus.or.kr/

Institute for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies, Seoul National Univ.

서울대학교 러시아연구소 : 러시아센터

https://rusins.snu.ac.kr/

Institute of Russia-CIS Studies, Korea Univ.

고려대학교 러시아CIS연구소